Frequently Asked Questions

The Syrian Securities and Markets Commission operates as a regulatory and supervisory body for financial markets in general, and works to organize and develop financial markets and related activities and events to promote savings and investment activities in the country. It also works to monitor and regulate the issuance and trading of securities.

The concept of financial markets, like other markets, is related to being a place to meet a specific need. It is a channel (a place or electronic system) through which money is transferred from surplus units (those who have surplus money) to deficit units (those who need financing). The Damascus Securities Exchange was established on (1-10-2006) and held its first trading session on (10-3-2009).

• Establishing procedures and methods to ensure efficient and transparent trading. • Setting professional standards for licensed financial services and brokerage companies. • Verifying the strength and soundness of the financial positions of financial services and brokerage companies. • Providing sound and fast procedures with adequate capacity for the transfer of securities ownership and thus high ability to liquidate securities.

It is the only entity in Syria authorized to carry out clearing and settlement operations.

It is the process of transferring ownership of securities from the seller to the buyer.

It is the process of settling the prices of securities sold from the buyer to the seller.

It is the market in which securities are issued for the first time, and companies that issue these securities aim to finance their projects.

The secondary market is known as the stock exchange or the market in which securities are traded (bought and sold) between different investors through financial brokers.

Common stocks, preferred stocks, bonds.

They are ownership certificates in a specific company that give the holder the right to receive distributions from the profits achieved by that company if its board of directors decides to distribute profits.

They are stocks that give the holder additional rights that the common stockholder does not enjoy in terms of priority in receiving profit distributions, and that distribution is predetermined and fixed on the preferred stock certificate, so it is considered an intermediate paper between common stock and bonds.

They are debt instruments used by companies as a means of borrowing, where the bond-issuing company undertakes to pay certain interest throughout the bond period and to return the nominal value upon maturity date.

This indicator measures the share of one common share from profits after deducting income tax provision, university fees, and scientific research support, and is extracted from company balance sheets as follows: • Net profits after taxes. • Number of subscribed shares.

This indicator shows the multiple of what an investor pays to get one lira of after-tax profits, and is extracted from company balance sheets as follows: • Stock price in the market. • Earnings per share.

This indicator shows the multiple of what an investor pays in the market for a company's stock versus what they receive as distributed profit per share, and is extracted from company balance sheets as follows: • Stock price in the market. • Common share's portion of distributed profits.

It is the stock price agreed upon by traders at a specific moment and is affected by supply and demand factors.

It represents the net shareholders' equity of the company relative to the number of subscribed shares.